diff --git a/bootstrap.sh b/bootstrap.sh
index 3291c33..2b3a2af 100644
--- a/bootstrap.sh
+++ b/bootstrap.sh
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ system_groupadd () {
     groupadd -r -g "$2" "$1"
     rc=$?
     if [ $rc -ne 0 ] ; then
-        echo "ERROR - Unable to add $1 group!  ($rc)" 1>&2
+        echo "ERROR - Unable to add $1 group!  ($rc)" >&2
         exit 1
     fi
 }
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ system_useradd () {
     useradd -r -u "$2" -g "$2" -s /bin/bash -m "$1"
     rc=$?
     if [ $rc -ne 0 ] ; then
-        echo "ERROR - Unable to add $1 user!  ($rc)" 1>&2
+        echo "ERROR - Unable to add $1 user!  ($rc)" >&2
         exit 2
     fi
 }
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ add_groups_to_user () {
     usermod -aG "$1" "$2"
     rc=$?
     if [ $rc -ne 0 ] ; then
-        echo "ERROR - Unable to add groups ($1) to user ($2)!  ($rc)" 1>&2
+        echo "ERROR - Unable to add groups ($1) to user ($2)!  ($rc)" >&2
         exit 3
     fi
 }
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ as_hpf_ans () {
 
 # Make sure we're running as root
 if [ $(id -u) -ne 0 ] ; then
-    echo "ERROR - Not running as root!" 1>&2
+    echo "ERROR - Not running as root!" >&2
     exit 100
 fi
 
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ if which -s apt ; then
     apt update
     apt install bash curl python3 python3-pip python3-venv -y
 else
-    echo "ERROR - Unable to determine how to install packages" 1>&2
+    echo "ERROR - Unable to determine how to install packages" >&2
     exit 101
 fi